Introduction
Propulsion test rigs - used for evaluating engines, turbines, thrusters, and related propulsion components - require a wide array of sensors to capture accurate performance, safety, and diagnostic data. These sensors operate in harsh environments characterized by high temperatures, pressures, vibration, and rapid transients. The selection and integration of sensors are therefore critical to obtaining reliable measurements for performance assessment, control development, and research. Data acquisition for propulsion test rigs involves collecting, processing, and analysing sensor data to monitor engine performance, thrust, pressure, temperature, and vibration. It requires high-speed, high-accuracy systems with robust synchronization, real-time visualization, and secure storage to ensure reliable performance validation, safety assurance, and optimization of propulsion system designs.
Pressure Sensors
Pressure measurement is fundamental in propulsion testing, as it provides insight into combustion dynamics, flow characteristics, and system health. Common types include piezoelectric and piezoresistive transducers. Piezoelectric sensors, using materials like quartz, offer high-frequency response suitable for dynamic pressure measurements in combustors or nozzles. Piezoresistive sensors, often silicon-based, are used for steady-state measurements in fuel lines and compressor stages. Differential pressure sensors are also used to assess flow across components such as filters and turbines.
HIGH FREQUENCY MINIATURE
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PM5 Miniature Thread
- Ranges 1 to 350 bar gauge, sg, abs
- Output mV or 0.5 to 4.5V
- Linearity up to ±0.25% FS
- Titanium construction
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PM10C Miniature Thread
- Ranges 1 to 350 bar gauge, sg, abs
- Output 4-20mA, mV or voltage
- Linearity up to ±0.5% FS
- Stainless Steel construction
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PSF160
- Ranges -1/+4 to 0-250 bar gauge, abs
- Outputs mV, 0.5 to 4.5VDC, 0-5VDC
- Accuracy 0.25% FS, custom 0.1%
- High frequency
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HIGH PRECISION & STABILITY
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ATM.1ST High Accuracy
- Ranges 0-50 mbar to 0-600 bar g, abs, sg
- Output 4-20mA or voltage
- Accuracy 0.05% to 0.25% FS
- Suitable for food and beverage
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PHE220 Compact High Accuracy
- Ranges 100mbar to 600 bar gauge, abs
- Outputs mV, 0-5V, 1-6V
- Accuracy 0.25% FS, option 0.1%
- Option frequency to 2 kHz
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HAZARDOUS AREA
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ATM.1ST EX High Accuracy
- Ranges 0-50 mbar to 0-690 bar g, abs, sg
- Output 4-20 mA
- Accuracy 0.05% to 0.25% FS
- Mining, ATEX approved
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TM.Ex mV Output
- Ranges 0-50 mbar 0-600 bar g, abs, sg
- Output 0-15 to 0-100 mV
- Accuracy 0.25% to 1%
- ATEX approved
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ATM.Ex
- Ranges 0-100 mbar to 600 bar g, abs, sg
- Output 4-20mA
- Accuracy 0.25% to % FS
- Mining and marine approved
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HIGH TEMPERATURE (TO 870 DEG C)
SPECIALITY
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PHA220 Hydrogen
- Ranges 20 to 700 bar g, abs or sg
- Output 0.5 to 4.5V
- Hydrogen and high pressure compatible
- Accuracy ±0.25% F.S. between -10 to +40°C
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PNA160 High Radiation
- Ranges -1/+3 to 3-250 bar gauge, abs, sg
- Output 0-10V or 4-20mA
- Accuracy ±0.35% FS max
- Operating from -40 to +125°C
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PGA220 Aerospace Grade
- Ranges -1-2 to 0-600 bar gauge or abs
- Outputs mV, 0.5 to 4.5VDC, 5VDC, mA
- Accuracy 0.25% FS
- Compensated -55 to 125 Deg C
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Force and Thrust Sensors
The primary output of a propulsion system is thrust. Load cells, often based on strain gauge technology, are employed to measure static or dynamic thrust. Multi-axis force balances can capture side forces and moments, which are critical in assessing engine alignment and stability. These sensors must be carefully isolated from vibration and temperature effects to ensure accuracy.
LOW PROFILE/PANCAKE
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SLP Low Profile
- Range 0-5kN to 1000kN
- Output 2 mV/V
- Accuracy 0.1% full scale
- Atex certification available
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HLP High Capacity
- Range 0-100 to 750 tonnes
- Output 2 mV/V, 4-20mA
- Accuracy 0.1% full scale
- IP68, Atex option
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LOAD PINS & LINKS
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Load Pin Internal Gauged
- Range 0.1 to 1400 tonne
- Output 1-1.5 mV/V or 4-20mA
- Accuracy 1% full scale
- ATEX certification available
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Load Pin Double Shear
- Range 0 to 0.1 to 1000 tonne
- Output 1.0 to 1.5 mV/V
- Accuracy 1% full scale
- ATEX or marine option
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TENSION & COMPRESSION
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XFTC300
- Ranges 0-2N to 0-2kN
- Output 10mV/V or voltage
- Linearity 0.5% Full scale
- High fatigue applications
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XFTC301
- Ranges 0-500N to 0-10kN
- Output 5 or 10 mV/V
- Accuracy < 0,5% FS
- High stiffness
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MULTIAXIS
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FN7325
- Force range from 5 kN to 250 kN
- Output mV/V or voltage
- Measures force in 3 directions X, Y, Z
- Measures torque in 3 directions Mx, My, Mz
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Bespoke & Custom designs are readily available.
Vibration and Acceleration Sensors
Accelerometers and vibration sensors monitor mechanical integrity and detect early signs of imbalance or bearing wear. Piezoelectric accelerometers are standard due to their high frequency response and durability in harsh environments. Data from these sensors support both structural health monitoring and noise/vibration analysis.
GENERAL TESTING
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KS903
- +/-60g to +/-600g dynamic ranges
- Bandwidth to 12 kHz
- -30 to 100 Deg C
- High Resolution, TEDS enabled
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KS96B
- Up to +/- 500g dynamic range
- 10/100 mV/g output, 18kHz bandwidth
- -40 to 120 Deg C
- TEDS, Shear Design, 9mm cubed
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KS97B
- Up to +/- 500g dynamic range
- 10/100 mV/g output, 18kHz bandwidth
- -40 to 120 Deg C
- TEDS, Shear Design, 9mm cubed
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KS91C
- +/- 600g dynamic range
- 10 mV/g output, to 37kHz bandwidth
- -40 to 120 Deg C
- Shear Design, insulated base
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LOW PROFILE & TEDS INTEGRATED
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KS963
- +/-60g to +/-500g dynamic ranges
- Bandwidth to 10 kHz
- -40 to 120 Deg C
- Modal & Structural Analysis
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LOW FREQUENCY
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4000
- ±2g to ±400g dynamic ranges
- Frequency DC to 2000 Hz
- Noise 7 to 400 μg/√Hz
- Differential Voltage Output
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5000
- ±2g to ±400g dynamic ranges
- Frequency DC to 2000 Hz
- Noise 7 to 400 μg/√Hz
- Differential Voltage Output
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Quartz
- ±2g to ±8g dynamic range
- ±15 VDC supply
- Ultra low noise, resolution less than 1μg
- -20 to 70 Deg C operational
- Excellent thermal stability
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HIGH TEMPERATURE (TO 750 DEG C)
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G Series
- Up to +/-500g dynamic range
- Natural frequency >22kHz
- -54 to 650... 750 Deg C
- H2 Ready and ATEX certified
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ACCESSORIES
Data Acquisition and Integration
All sensors feed into high-speed data acquisition systems that synchronize multiple data streams. Advanced systems often include real-time processing for control feedback or safety shutdown mechanisms. Calibration, shielding, and signal conditioning are crucial to mitigate electromagnetic interference and temperature drift.
DATA ACQUISITION
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DEWE3-RM Rackmount
- Up to 16 power channels
- Up to 128 analogue inputs
- Up to 10 MS/s sample rate
- Embedded PC with SSD
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DEWE3-A4 Portable
- Up to 8 power channels
- Up to 32 analogue inputs
- Up to 10 MS/s sample rate
- Embedded PC with touchscreen and SSD
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NEXDAQ Portable
- 8 analogue channels
- Counters, CAN-FD & digital IO
- Up to 1 MS/s sample rate
- Sealed to IP67
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SIGNAL CONDITIONING
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TRION and XR Modules
- Up to 8 channels
- Temperature: thermocouple, RTD
- Analogue: voltage (±50V), current
- (±30mA)
- CAN or RS-485 interface
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POWER ANALYSIS
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TRION-POWER Power Analyser Modules
- 4 power channels
- Sample rate up to 10 MS/s/channel
- Accuracy +/- 0.02% of reading
- Safety CAT IV 600V / CAT III 1000V
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SOFTWARE & TESTBED INTERFACES
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Oxygen Software
- Data acquisition
- Display
- Analysis
- Video input
- Report, image & data file export
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Testbed Interfaces
- Ethernet, EtherCAT, SCPI,
- CAN, XCP protocols
- Analogue and digital outputs
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